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The Biology Major curriculum is designed to enable students
to apply the scientific method paradigm as a means to understand the importance
and interrelationships of the major concepts, tenets and principles of
biology, and to actively engage in the processes of collecting, analyzing,
interpreting, and evaluating data in a competent and professional manner.
Students also gain experience in using a variety of scientific information
sources in order to collect, analyze and evaluate the work of other scientists
and to develop their own research projects. Upon completion of the curriculum,
students possess the skills required for postgraduate educational programs
and/or employment in areas utilizing biological principles and techniques.
The curricula for Biology Majors as presented herein will
ordinarily prepare students for careers in professional and graduate fields.
However, certain specialized fields may require more extensive preparation
in one or more areas. Hence, it is advantageous for the student to determine
career goals as early as possible and to become familiar with the requirements
of the specific fields. A special curriculum may be devised to meet the
needs of a student whose plans for future study demand it.
Biology majors interested in high school teaching are
encouraged to take Ecosystems Biology and Microbiology in addition to
the minimum requirements.
Biology majors are encouraged to take advantage of the
minor programs available in other academic disciplines.
Biology majors wishing to complete the major sequence
requirements during the summer and who are unable to take the courses
at King's Summer Session, must complete these requirements at a four year
institution and have the prior approval of the Biology Department.
Education Requirements
BIOLOGY MAJOR SEQUENCE REQUIREMENTS
(15 COURSES -54 CREDITS)
BIOL 111 General Biology I with lab (4)
BIOL 112 General Biology II with lab (4)
BIOL 223 Genetics with lab (4)
BIOL 224 Biochemistry with lab (4)
BIOL 370 Seminar (Sophomore/Junior Diagnostic Project) (2)
BIOL 490 Biological Research (Senior Integrated Assessment) (4) total
22 credits
CHEM 113 General Chemistry I with lab (4)
CHEM 114 General Chemistry II with lab (4)
CHEM 241 Organic Chemistry I with lab (4)
CHEM 242 Organic Chemistry II with lab (4) total 16 credits
CARP 211 Career Planning I (1)
CARP 412 Career Planning II (1)
MATH 125 Calculus (4)
MATH 128 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis and
Applications to the Life Sciences (4) total 8 credits
PHYS 111 General Physics I with lab (4)
PHYS 112 General Physics II with lab (4) total 8 credits
Total Required Major Sequence Credits (54)
In addition to the Major Sequence requirements, a Biology
Major must also complete 4 courses, at least one course from each of three
subdiscipline categories listed below. At least two of those courses,
each from a different category, must include a laboratory component. For
some courses, determined by the Instructor, the laboratory component must
be taken concurrently with the lecture component. A course may be used
to satisfy a single requirement in only one category even though the course
may be cross-listed in another category.
CATEGORY I - MOLECULAR/CELLULAR BIOLOGY
BIOL 326 Immunology (4)
BIOL 330 Evolutionary Analysis & Bioinformatics (3)
BIOL 336 Cell Biology (4)
BIOL 450 Molecular Genetics (DNA Science) (4)
BIOL 451 Molecular Genetics (RNA Science) (4)
BIOL 453 Systems Biology (4)
BIOL 448 Microbiology (4)
CATEGORY II - ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
BIOL 350 Vertebrate Embryology (4)
BIOL 355 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4)
BIOL 360 Histology (4)
BIOL 430 Ecosystems Biology (4)
BIOL 447 Physiology (4)
CATEGORY III - POPULATION BIOLOGY
BIOL 310 Computer Modeling in Biology & Environmental Science (3)
BIOL 330 Evolutionary Analysis & Bioinformatics (3)
BIOL 401(A-F) Special Environmental Topics (cross-listed as ENST 401)
(3 or 4)
BIOL 430 Ecosystems Biology (4)
MINOR SEQUENCE REQUIREMENTS - BIOLOGY
(6 COURSES)
BIOL 111 General Biology I (4)
BIOL 112 General Biology II (4)
BIOL 370 Biology Seminar (2)
BIOL 490 Biological Research I (4)
Two BIOLOGY electives to be chosen in consultation with the departmental
advisors.
MINOR SEQUENCE REQUIREMENTS - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
The Molecular Biology Minor is an interdisciplinary approach to meeting
the demands and challenges of a new era in Biology, made possible by new
techniques used to manipulate and study genetic material, which has offered
new practical applications in virtually every area of biological science.
The Molecular Biology Minor enables Biology Majors to become active practitioners
in the field of molecular biology, enhancing their qualifications for
post-baccaleureate opportunities in academic, health professions and industry
settings.
(5 COURSES)
BIOL 450 DNA Science (4)
BIOL 451 RNA Science (4)
BIOL 453 Systems Biology (4) replaces Eukaryotic Molecular Biology (4)
Two of the Following:
BIOL 326 Immunology (4)
BIOL 330 Evolutionary Analysis and Bioinformatics (3)
BIOL 336 Cell Biology (4)
BIOL 448 Microbiology (4)
Course Descriptions
BIOL 111 - General Biology I (4)
General principles of Biology. Topics include: biomolecules, enzymes;
composition and organization of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells; regulation
of cell structure and function; communication between cells and environment;
bioenergetics; photosynthesis; intermediary metabolism; and genetics.
4 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 112 - General Biology II (4)
The general principles of organismal and population biology with a concentration
on the evolution and diversity among organisms. A further emphasis on
structural and physiological adaptations for such processes as nutrition,
fluid and gas exchange and hormonal regulation. An understanding of the
interactions between organisms and their environment is explored. 4 lecture
and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 214 - Medical Microbiology (4)
A study of morphology, biochemical activity, and ecology of bacteria,
fungi, rickettsia, and viruses. Emphasis is placed on pathogenic microorganisms
and the diseases that they cause, control measures, and diagnostic procedures.
The laboratory presents the basic skills of clinical diagnostic microbiology.
3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 221 - Anatomy and Physiology I (4)
A study of human anatomy and the relationship between structure and function.
The course provides preparation in systemic physiology with concentration
on major body functions and their controls. Topics include cytology, mitosis,
meiosis, heredity, histology, organology and the following systems: integumentary,
skeletal, muscular, and nervous. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 222 - Anatomy and Physiology II (4)
A continuation of BIOL 221. Topics include the endocrine, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. 3 lecture and
3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 223 - Genetics (4)
An introduction to heredity. A balanced presentation is made in the fields
of classical, molecular and population genetics. Topics include: Mendelian
inheritance, the nature and behavior of the gene and chromosome, chromosome
mapping, cytoplasmic inheritance, human genetics, microbial genetics,
and heredity as related to environment and evolution. Laboratory investigations
utilizing a variety of organisms and techniques. Prerequisites: BIOL 112
and CHEM 114, or permission of the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory
hours.
BIOL 224 - Biochemistry (4)
Biochemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleotides
and nucleic acids; mechanism of enzyme action and regulation of enzymatic
pathways; intermediary metabolism; lipid and nitrogen metabolism; physiochemistry
of hemoglobin, the vitamins and selected hormones. Laboratory exercises
consist of modern techniques and instrumentation of biochemistry: spectrophotometry;
electrophoresis; column chromatography; enzymatic determinations; protein
isolation and characterization. Prerequisites: BIOL 223, CHEM 241, or
permission of instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 229 - Modern Techniques in Biological Sciences
(1)
A laboratory course to introduce students to techniques used to conduct
contemporary biological research. Emphasis will be placed on introducing
and developing laboratory skills and providing hands-on experience with
modern laboratory equipment in the context of an on-going faculty research
project. The student will work in the research laboratory of a designated
faculty member. Prerequisite: Permission of the department. 3 laboratory
hours.
BIOL 310 - Computer Modeling in Biology and Environmental
Science (3)
The student will learn the basics of how to use a visual-modeling environment,
Stella II, and Starlogo, to simulate various phenomena in biology, ecology,
and environmental science. Computer assignments and models will be tailored
to students in their individual major. No computer programming experience
is needed and the course is open to any student in the sciences. Cross-listed
as ENST 310.
BIOL 326 - Immunology (4)
Fundamentals of immunology, immunopathology, immunochemistry, and serology.
Topics include: the immune system; structure, function, and formation
of immunoglobulins; cellular and genetic basis of immune response; antigen-antibody
reactions; the complement system; immunochemistry; hypersensitivity; transplantation;
and methods in immunology. Laboratory exercises consist of methods to
measure antibodies and the use of antibodies to detect other substances.
Prerequisites: BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of instructor. 3 lecture
and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 330 - Evolutionary Analysis and Bioinformatics
(3)
Modern methods used to analyze evolutionary topics via genetics. The course
will span micro-evolution to macro-evolution by studying the topics of
population genetics and systematics. Modern manipulation of molecular
genetic data in the field of bioinformatics is also addressed. Lecture
time includes computer modeling of population genetics and manipulation
of DNA data using current systematic and bioinformatics programs and websites.
Prerequisite: BIOL 223, or permission of the instructor. 3 lecture hours.
BIOL 336 - Cell Biology (4)
Application of genetic and biochemical concepts to the rigorous analysis
of the structure and function of cells. Special attention is devoted to
the interactions between cells and between cells and the noncellular environment,
signaling and response mechanisms and regulation of gene activity. Specific
examples for illustration will be drawn from developmental contexts and
disease states. The laboratory will use cell culture as a means of providing
model systems to afford students experience with techniques used to elucidate
cellular integration and regulation mechanisms. Alternate course. Prerequisites:
BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory
hours.
BIOL 341 - Topics in Biochemistry/Physiology/Genetics
(3)
Provides rigorous coverage of key areas of biochemistry, physiology, and
genetics, which are prerequisite to the understanding of physiological
control mechanisms fundamental to modern medical practice. Integration
of information and its application to clinical situations is emphasized.
The role of genetics in the etiology of various pathological states is
also emphasized. Recent advances in molecular biology and reproductive
technology and the associated moral, ethical, and legal dilemmas discussed
as they relate to patient education and referral situations. Intended
primarily for Physician Assistant Majors.
BIOL 350 - Vertebrate Embryology (4)
A comparative study of vertebrate development considering gametogenesis,
fertilization, cleavage, formation of germ layers and an analysis of the
differentiation of tissues, organs, and systems of representative vertebrates.
Alternate course. Prerequisites: BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of
the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 355 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (4)
Emphasis is placed on the comparative anatomy and physiology of vertebrate
animals. Comparison is made in terms of systematic structural and functional
units, patterns of development, adaptation, and phylogenetic relationships
among representative species of extant and extinct vertebrates. The evolutionary
origin of the chordates and their invertebrate ancestors is traced. Alternate
course. Prerequisites: BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of the instructor.
3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 360 - Histology (4)
A study of the microscopic structures of mammalian tissues with emphasis
on histogenesis, regeneration, repair and the classification of tissues
and their arrangement in organs and systems. Alternate course. Prerequisites:
BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory
hours.
BIOL 370 - Biology Seminar (2)
Biology Seminar is the setting for the Sophomore/Junior Diagnostic Project,
a discipline-specific assignment required of students in all majors. The
assessment is designed to serve as a diagnostic screening device to determine
the ability of students to transfer information literacy, critical thinking
and effective communication skills developed through the Core curriculum
and major program to a selected question, case study, or project related
to their major field of study. The Sophomore/Junior Diagnostic Project
provides a process check for competency growth plans. The project is evaluated
by department faculty, and feedback is provided to students by either
the instructor in the designated course or by the individual student's
academic advisor. The Sophomore/Junior Diagnostic Project helps students
develop a clearer understanding of the expectations of faculty in their
major field of study with respect to their ability to apply critical thinking
skills and to communicate effectively. It also helps students to develop
a better understanding of the specific criteria faculty use to judge work
of students in their respective major fields of study. Prerequisites:
BIOL 224 and CHEM 242, or permission of the instructor. 2 lecture/seminar
hours.
BIOL 401 - Special Topics (3)
Selected topics in modern Environmental Studies. Topics are announced
prior to registration. Class conferences to consist of lectures, discussions,
and student reports. Potential topics include Natural Resource Management
and Conservation Biology, Current Issues in Air and Water Pollution, Analysis
of Comparative Environmental Policy, and Environmental Toxicology. Alternate
course. Prerequisites: BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of the instructor.
3 lecture hours. Cross registered as ENST 401
BIOL 430 - Ecosystems Biology (4)
The study of the interrelationships and interactions of organisms and
their environments. Topics include population dynamics, interspecific
relationships, community structure and function, nutrient cycling and
energy flow in ecosystems and biome diversity. Laboratory topics include
field trips and study of local natural areas, and introduction to ecological
methods and biostatistics. Prerequisite: BIOL 224, or permission of the
instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 447 - Physiology (4)
The study of the functions and Interactions of organ systems. Topics Include
respiration, circulation, muscle contraction, digestion, homeostasis and
removal of waste material. Includes one hour per week discussion on the
effects of venoms on human physiology. Laboratory Investigations utilize
computer data acquisition to study the major lecture topics using frogs,
mice and humans as test subjects. BIOL 224, CHEM 242, or permission of
the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 448 - Microbiology (4)
A study of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, fungi,
and other microbial forms. The morphology, physiology, ecology, evolution
of these organisms, their pathogenesis, host responses, epidemiology,
and control are discussed. Laboratory exercises illustrate morphology,
growth, biochemical characteristics, identification and classification,
microbial immunity, genetics and various laboratory techniques. Prerequisite:
CHEM 242 or permission of the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 450 - Molecular Genetics: DNA Science (4)
Genetic structure and regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms: recombinant DNA technology; mutation/suppression;
transcription/translation; DNA polymorphisms: Laboratory exercises include;
RE digest and analysis, directional cloning using PCR, genomic DNA and
plasmid isolation, site directed mutagenesis, gene fusions, DNA sequencing,
DNA fingerprinting. Prerequisites: BIOL 224 and CHEM 242, or permission
of the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 451 - Molecular Genetics: RNA Science (4)
Lectures focus RNA chemistry, isolation and manipulation; DNA replication;
DNA repair; recombination; microarray technology; Lab exercises include:
laboratory techniques for the extraction, purification and characterization
of high quality RNA. Experiments utilizing the RNA include RT-PCR, Real
Time-Quantitative PCR, and RNA interference. Prerequisite: BIOL 450, or
permission of the instructor. 3 lecture and 3 laboratory hours.
BIOL 453 - Systems Biology (4)
Systems Biology is a new field in biology that attempts to describe and
correlate the wealth of information being created in the genomics era.
The goal is to understand basic cellular pathways by tracking changes
in the levels of protein, DNA and RNA, all at the same time. Methods for
this course will include microarray analysis, 2D protein gel electrophoresis,
genomic data manipulation, bioinformatics and correlation analysis. 3
lecture and 3 laboratory hours
BIOL 490 - Biological Research I (4)
This course is the Biology Department's Senior Integrated Assessment course.
Science is the process of scientific research; therefore, this course
introduces biology majors to the process of scientific research. The student
works in the research laboratory of a faculty member conducting original
and independent scientific research. The culmination of the course is
a written and oral presentation of a scientific report. Biology 490 is
the required capstone course for all biology majors. Prerequisites: BIOL
223, 224, 370. 2 lecture and 2 three-hour laboratory sessions.
BIOL 491 - Biological Research II (2, 3 or 4)
For students who want to continue original, independent research. Prerequisites:
BIOL 490 and CHEM 242. Variable credit; time and credit established by
contract between Instructor and student.
BIOL 499 - Biology Internship
A biology internship may be taken during the junior or senior year. The
Department Chairperson should be consulted. A minimum G.P.A. of 2.50 is
required.